Site-Built Homes
It refers to homes built on the job site and may include wall panels, logs, and other components fabricated elsewhere. The design and construction of these homes must meet local building codes.
Modular Homes
Modular homes are homes built in a factory in sections. These homes are built using the same materials as site-built homes and are constructed on a permanent foundation. At the job site, the builder generally installs the foundation and connects the utilities to the house. The design and construction of modular homes must meet local building codes. These homes are generally indistinguishable from site-built homes.
Manufactured Homes
Manufactured homes are houses built off-site in a factory or construction yard on a permanent chassis to standards established by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), which are less restrictive than the Uniform Building Code. They can be installed on permanent foundations. Building Inspectors check the work done locally (electric hook-up, etc.), but are not required to approve the structure. Civil Code § 714.5 prohibits the recordation of any covenants, conditions, and restrictions after January 1, 1988, that act to exclude the use of manufactured homes.
Mobilehomes
Mobilehomes are defined by California as "single-family dwellings" that are transportable in one or more sections and constructed to a federally preemptive standard. They are equated to manufactured homes. (Health & Safety Code § 18007) Mobilehome parks are governed by the Mobilehome Residency Law.
- For a resident-owned park, Article 9 of the MRL, governing the relationship between residents and the park management (Civil Code § 799, et seq.), applies only to residents who own their space, not non-owning residents.
- If the resident-owned park is a non-profit mutual benefit corporation, and no subdivision declaration or condominium plan has been recorded, then Articles 1 through 8 apply to the Members who rent their space from the corporation.
- Articles 1 through 8 (Sections 798 – 798.88) apply to non-owning residents who rent or lease their space in a resident-owned park. (See: MRL FAQs No. 54, California State Senate Select Committee on Manufactured Home Communities.)
Some of the regulations in Articles 1 through 8 that apply to cooperatives without a recorded declaration and non-owning residents appear to conflict with similar regulations in the Davis-Stirling Act, such as:
- The cooperative can prohibit owners from renting or subleasing their mobilehome unless an exception applies. (Civ. Code § 798.23.5(a)(1)) Rental prohibitions are not allowed by the Davis-Stirling Act.
- The minimum term for a lease is six months, and the maximum is 12 months. (Civ. Code § 798.23.5(b)(1)) The minimum six-month term may be an unreasonable rental restriction under the Davis-Stirling Act.
- Management may amend rules about recreational facilities after providing 60 days' notice and six (6) months' notice for all other rules. (Civ. Code § 798.25) The Davis-Stirling Act requires a 28-day member comment period followed by an open board meeting to adopt Rules.
- An owner may file an action against the management after giving 30 days' notice. (Civ. Code § 798.84) Under the Davis-Stirling Act, owners should attempt to resolve disputes before filing certain actions against the Association, but no notice is required.
- If an owner violates a Rule, the owner is given seven (7) days to cure unless this is the 4th violation in 12 months. (Civ. Code § 798.56) The Davis-Stirling Act requires owners to be provided notice of the violation and a hearing before imposing any discipline for violating the governing documents.
Whether the Davis-Stirling Act applies to a mobilehome park cooperative without a recorded declaration is an unanswered legal question, and the corporation should check with its corporate counsel. (See also MRL FAQs No. 55, California State Senate Select Committee on Manufactured Home Communities.)
2025 Mobilehome Residency Laws
In addition to the Davis-Stirling Act, mobilehome parks are subject to the "Mobilehome Residency Laws."
ASSISTANCE: Associations needing legal assistance can contact us. To stay current with community association issues, subscribe to the Davis-Stirling Newsletter.